Australia is home to some of the world’s most unique landscapes and waterways. As paddlers, we’re often spoilt for choice on the opportunities to go kayaking and explore. However, every successful kayaking trip (be it a short paddle or an expedition) needs to begin with a clear assessment of the conditions.
Weather conditions play a major role in your on-water experience. As we’ll go to explore there are many simple checks that you can apply to ensure that every journey is well-planned, fun, and safe.
5 Vital Safety Checks
First things first, we always recommend considering the following preliminary safety checks–especially if you’re planning to explore something new or unfamiliar. These rules apply to anyone who’s planning on using either single kayaks or double kayaks.
1. Temperature
Australia’s weather varies greatly from state to state, town to town, and city to city. This is why it's so vital to check the temperature ahead of time, particularly in regards to strong wind, storms, rain, or extreme heat.
In warmer climates like Queensland, NT or WA, lightweight and breathable clothing is essential to stay comfortable. Moisture-wicking fabrics are particularly important to avoid sweat buildup, while wide-brimmed hats, polarised sunglasses with a retainer strap, and reef-safe sunscreen (SPF 50+) will protect you from the sun.
For cooler climates (e.g. Victoria and Tasmania), choose quick-drying layers made from materials like merino wool or synthetic fabrics, which trap warmth even when wet. A windproof jacket or spray top will help protect against wind chill, and neoprene gloves, socks, or booties can keep your extremities warm. We recommend wearing a hat to keep you warm as well.
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2. Wind
Wind conditions will significantly affect your paddling experience, so it’s crucial to monitor forecasts and prepare for varying levels of wind. Luckily, there are many online resources available that allow you to check the wind levels across Australia.
Across the board, calm winds (0-10 km/h) are ideal for kayaking, offering a relaxed paddle with minimal resistance and making it easier to manage the kayak. Moderate winds (11-25 km/h) can challenge intermediate paddlers, particularly with crosswinds that may impact balance and steering. Offshore winds can push you away from shore, so always start by paddling into the wind. A kayak with a rudder or skeg can improve kayak control in these conditions.
Strong winds (26-40 km/h) are better suited for experienced paddlers only, as they can cause instability and slow down your progress. Gusts can make steering very difficult, and headwinds may reduce speed, while tailwinds increase speed but decrease control.
Gale-force winds (41+ km/h) should be avoided altogether, as they create hazardous conditions with heavy chop and unstable waves, even for highly advanced paddlers. These are the exact conditions that you want to keep an eye out for!
3. Conditions
It doesn’t matter if you’re using inflatable kayaks, sea kayaks, or touring kayaks, weather conditions always impact safety and visibility on the water. Light rain won’t usually disrupt your paddle, though it can reduce visibility slightly and increase water flow in rivers. If rain is forecast, always carry a dry bag to protect gear including phones and keys, and stay aware of your surroundings, especially in areas where the tide or current may change.
On the other side of the coin, heavy rain and storms can drastically reduce visibility and increase water flow, making navigation more challenging and potentially dangerous. Flash floods are another risk, particularly in coastal or mountainous areas, and thunderstorms pose a serious threat to lightning. Monitor the weather radar for storm warnings and postpone your trip if necessary.
Fog will also limit visibility and raise the risk of collisions, so always wear a high-visibility PFD and use a whistle to alert other kayakers. If unexpected storms occur while paddling, seek shelter onshore, away from trees or metal structures, and avoid continuing in hazardous conditions.
4. Water Levels
Water levels fluctuate based on recent rainfall, tides, or seasonal changes, and these variations impact your paddling experience. Low water levels can expose rocks, sandbars, or debris in rivers or creeks, creating hazards that can cause your kayak to scrape along the bottom, reducing speed and possibly damaging your craft. In some areas, the shallower water may require more paddling effort, especially in slow-moving creeks or rivers.
On the other hand, high water levels can lead to stronger currents, making paddling more difficult and dangerous, especially following heavy rainfall. Flooded rivers can even hide submerged trees or man-made structures, so it’s essential to check local advice before heading out.
Remember, rising tides can also create stronger currents pushing you out to sea, while falling tides may reveal rocks or sandbanks previously submerged.
5. Changing Weather
From oceans to rivers and lakes, you should always check the forecast before heading out. This is even more important if the forecast indicates a shift in weather throughout the day. Anyone in Melbourne could tell you just what this experience is like!
After arriving at the kayaking spot, you can also monitor the sky for changing cloud formations that indicate any rain or storms. It’s a good idea to bring along extra layers of clothing, a rain jacket, and waterproof bags for storing electronics in case conditions change quickly.
If the weather shifts while on the water, consider returning to shore early to avoid being caught in worsening conditions. Sudden wind shifts or gusts should prompt you to reassess your position on the water, and it may be wise to paddle back if the weather is deteriorating.
Sea Kayaking
If you’re venturing out into open waters, understanding and monitoring weather conditions is the best way to have a safe and enjoyable sea kayaking experience. With changing tides, currents, waves, and winds, the sea can be highly unpredictable, so thorough preparation is essential.
Before heading out, check the marine weather forecast for updates on wind speed, wave height, and potential storms. Websites like the Bureau of Meteorology or local marine apps are excellent resources.
Once you’re on the water, keep an eye on the horizon for sudden changes in weather, such as dark clouds or an increase in wind. A waterproof VHF radio or weather app on your phone can provide real-time updates if conditions start to shift. Remember, if the weather worsens or you feel unsure, it’s always safer to head back to shore sooner rather than later.
Planning a multi-day adventure? Check out our ‘Tips for Expedition Kayaking and Mistakes to Avoid’.
River and White Water Kayaking
White water and river kayaking also require close attention to weather conditions, but the focus differs slightly from sea kayaking. The primary concerns are rainfall, water levels, and flow rates, as these directly impact river conditions and the difficulty of rapids.
Before your trip, check the river’s water flow data on local authorities’ websites or river gauge apps. Heavy rainfall upstream can significantly increase water levels and create dangerous rapids, even on rivers that seem calm at first glance. Conversely, low water levels can expose rocks and other hazards.
During your trip, watch for sudden changes in water clarity or debris, which could indicate rising water levels due to rain upstream. Weather forecasts are equally important—storms can cause flash flooding, turning a tranquil river into a treacherous torrent. Always be ready to exit the water if conditions begin to deteriorate.
Additional Tips
Proper preparation isn’t only limited to the steps you take outside the water. The way you approach and handle weather conditions on the water is absolutely integral. Here’s a few tips to keep in mind!
Know Your Limits
Know your paddling abilities and adjust your trip accordingly. Practice rolling or re-entering your kayak in case of a capsize, especially if the journey is likely to involve rougher waters. Stay close to shore if you’re not confident with these skills, and most importantly, always monitor weather and wind conditions.
Paddling Technique
Proper technique is essential for conserving energy on long trips. Use torso rotation to engage your whole upper body for more efficient strokes, minimising fatigue. The right technique will make your paddling easier and more enjoyable, so consider upgrading your paddle for better performance.
Understand Tides and Currents
Tides and currents can drastically change paddling conditions. Research tide schedules and avoid paddling in rough seas or high tides unless you're experienced. Being aware of these factors helps you navigate safely and avoid dangerous situations.
Wear Well-Fitted Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs)
A properly fitted PFD is non-negotiable. At PaddleZone, we have a great selection of industry-approved PFDs that are suitable for kayaking, canoeing, and SUPs, all designed for comfort and mobility.
Turn to PaddleZone for High-Quality Kayaking Gear
Need new kayak accessories, clothing, paddles or safety equipment? PaddleZone is your one-stop shop for everything you need to make the most of your kayaking adventures. Whether you’re after premium PFDs, storage bags, or essential safety accessories, our products are sourced from leading brands and purpose-made for Australian paddlers.
Browse our wide range of gear online and get expert advice on selecting the right equipment for your next trip. We also have two physical stores in Sydney and the Gold Coast, so if you're ever nearby, don’t hesitate to pay us a visit. As paddlers ourselves, we’re more than happy to provide expert advice and guidance to help you along the way!
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